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Amino acids

Amino acids

Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...

Polyprotic Acids

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:

Mixtures of Acids

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are the strongest organic acids. However, their acidic strength is much less than mineral acids like HCl. Carboxylic acids ionize in water and readily lose the hydroxyl proton to form a resonance-stabilized carboxylate ion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Production and Testing of Moisture Behavior and Thermal Properties of Rapeseed Straw and Ganoderma resinaceum Mycelium Bio-Composites

Production and Testing of Moisture Behavior and Thermal Properties of Rapeseed Straw and Ganoderma resinaceum Mycelium Bio-Composites

Published on: September 5, 2025

Shushe acids A-D from Ganoderma applanatum.

Qi Luo, Yan-Jiao Zhang, Zhi-Qiang Shen

Natural Product Communications

|December 15, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Four new hybrid compounds, shushe acids A-D, were isolated from Ganoderma applanatum fungus. These natural products, derived from gallic acid, glycerol, and succinic acid, showed no activity against the MCF-7 cell line in this study.

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Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Production and Testing of Moisture Behavior and Thermal Properties of Rapeseed Straw and Ganoderma resinaceum Mycelium Bio-Composites

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One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure

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Published on: June 25, 2010

Area of Science:

Natural Product Chemistry
Medicinal Mycology
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Ganoderma applanatum is a fungus traditionally used in China for various health purposes.
The chemical constituents of Ganoderma species are of interest for potential therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To isolate and characterize new chemical compounds from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum.
To investigate the potential biological activity of the isolated compounds.

Main Methods:

Isolation of compounds from Ganoderma applanatum fruiting bodies.
Structure elucidation using comprehensive spectroscopic methods.
In vitro testing against the MCF-7 cell line.

Main Results:

Four new natural product hybrid compounds, designated shushe acids A-D (1-4), were successfully isolated.
The structures of compounds 1-4 were determined to be hybrids of gallic acid, glycerol, and succinic acid derivatives.
None of the isolated compounds (1-4) exhibited activity against the MCF-7 cell line.

Conclusions:

The study successfully identified novel chemical entities from Ganoderma applanatum.
Shushe acids A-D represent a new class of natural product hybrids.
The tested compounds did not demonstrate cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 cell line, suggesting a lack of specific anti-cancer activity in this assay.