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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.5K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Split-Ubiquitin Based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid MYTH System: A Powerful Tool For Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions
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[Hypersensitivity to metal : myth or reality ?]

Diane Wernly1, Sylvain Steinmetz1, Stéphane Cherix1

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Metal allergy in orthopedics is debated, with differing views in German and Anglo-Saxon literature. This article clarifies current knowledge on diagnosing and treating this orthopedic pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Metal allergy is an emerging topic in orthopedic literature, presenting differing diagnostic and treatment perspectives.
  • German orthopedic literature frequently describes metal allergy as a distinct pathology.
  • Anglo-Saxon literature often adopts a more skeptical stance on the concept of metal allergy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of metal allergy in orthopedics.
  • To address the diagnostic challenges and lack of universal consensus surrounding metal allergy.
  • To synthesize existing knowledge regarding the pathology and management of metal allergy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of orthopedic and allergy-related studies.
  • Analysis of differing viewpoints on metal allergy diagnosis and treatment.
  • Synthesis of current evidence to clarify the subject.

Main Results:

  • Significant divergence exists in the literature regarding the recognition and definition of metal allergy.
  • Metal allergy is currently diagnosed by exclusion, lacking standardized diagnostic criteria.
  • There is no universal consensus on the optimal treatment strategies for suspected metal allergy.

Conclusions:

  • Metal allergy remains a complex and debated subject in orthopedics.
  • Further research is needed to establish standardized diagnostic methods and treatment protocols.
  • Clarifying the understanding of metal allergy is crucial for patient care and orthopedic practice.