Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation01:24

Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation

1.7K
Glucuronidation, a pivotal phase II biotransformation process, involves the coupling of glucuronic acid to a drug or xenobiotic. Given its widespread occurrence and critical role in drug metabolism, it's considered the most crucial phase II reaction. It enhances the water solubility of substances, aiding their expulsion from the body. The driving force behind these reactions is a group of enzymes known as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). UGTs facilitate the transfer of a glucuronic acid...
1.7K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

3.8K
Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
3.8K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

2.6K
Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
2.6K
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

583
Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
583
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Drugs01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Drugs

754
A drug's physicochemical properties fundamentally influence its metabolism. For instance, a drug's molecular size and shape critically determine its interaction with enzymes and transporters — larger drugs may face difficulty reaching enzyme active sites, altering their metabolic pathways. The pKa of a drug, which establishes its ionization state, can impact its solubility and absorption, thereby influencing metabolism.
The drug's acidity or basicity is essential in...
754
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

37.1K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
37.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Looking Back on My Life in Research over more than 40 Years].

Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan·2024
Same author

Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Ogipeptins.

Organic letters·2022
Same author

Bacterial Diversity of Root Nodule and Rhizosphere Soil Samples of Green Soybean (Edamame) in Japan.

Microbiology resource announcements·2022
Same author

Corrigendum to "Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of ogipeptin derivatives" [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 42 (2021) 128093].

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2021
Same author

Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of ogipeptin derivatives.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2021
Same author

Muraminomicins, new lipo-nucleoside antibiotics from Streptosporangium sp. SANK 60501-structure elucidations of muraminomicins and supply of the core component for derivatization.

The Journal of antibiotics·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
12:00

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

36.1K

Practical one-step glucuronidation via biotransformation.

Takashi Ohnuki1, Masahiko Ejiri1, Masaaki Kizuka1

  • 1Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|December 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel biotransformation method using Streptomyces sp. SANK 60895 offers a practical, scalable, and cost-effective one-step glucuronidation. This direct approach simplifies synthesis of various glucuronides, including acyl and N-glucuronides.

Keywords:
Acyl glucuronideBiotransformationGlucuronidationSANK 60895

More Related Videos

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

14.0K
A Step-by-Step Guide to Mosquito Electroantennography
06:39

A Step-by-Step Guide to Mosquito Electroantennography

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
12:00

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

36.1K
Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

14.0K
A Step-by-Step Guide to Mosquito Electroantennography
06:39

A Step-by-Step Guide to Mosquito Electroantennography

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Glucuronidation is a crucial metabolic process.
  • Existing chemical and enzymatic methods for glucuronidation can be complex and costly.
  • There is a need for more efficient and scalable glucuronidation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical and scalable one-step method for glucuronidation using microbial biotransformation.
  • To evaluate the efficiency, selectivity, and applicability of the novel method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Streptomyces sp. SANK 60895 for direct biotransformation-based glucuronidation.
  • Applied the method to synthesize acyl glucuronide and hydroxy-β-glucuronide of mycophenolic acid and compound 4.
  • Tested the method's applicability for N-glucuronidation of diverse compounds.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a practical and scalable one-step glucuronidation via biotransformation.
  • Demonstrated high β-selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and reproducibility.
  • Successfully synthesized various acyl, hydroxy-β, and N-glucuronides.

Conclusions:

  • The novel biotransformation method using Streptomyces sp. SANK 60895 is a superior alternative to traditional glucuronidation procedures.
  • This method offers a simple, efficient, and versatile approach for synthesizing glucuronides.
  • The technique holds significant potential for pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis applications.