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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

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Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
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Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Pineapple crown delignification using low-cost ionic liquid based on ethanolamine and organic acids.

Rita de C M Miranda1, Jaci Vilanova Neta2, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira3

  • 1UNIT, Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Uniceuma, Mestrado em Meio Ambiente, Renascença, 65075-120, São Luís, MA, Brazil.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|December 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Pineapple fibers treated with protic ionic liquids (PILs) show enhanced cellulose exposure and higher crystallinity. This eco-friendly method reduces toxic compounds compared to traditional biomass treatments.

Keywords:
BiomassIonic liquidLignocellulosePineappleTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomass valorization
  • Green chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Pineapple fiber is a sustainable lignocellulosic material.
  • Conventional biomass treatments often involve harsh chemicals and generate toxic residues.
  • Developing efficient and environmentally friendly methods for biomass processing is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of protic ionic liquids (PILs) on pineapple fiber structure and composition.
  • To evaluate the potential of PILs as a green alternative for biomass treatment.
  • To assess the impact of PIL treatment on cellulose exposure and crystallinity.

Main Methods:

  • Pineapple fiber treatment with various concentrations of protic ionic liquids.
  • Surface morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  • Chemical composition analysis (lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose content).
  • Crystallinity index determination.

Main Results:

  • PIL treatment effectively exposed the pineapple fiber surface.
  • Significant reduction in lignin and hemicellulose content was observed.
  • Increased cellulose exposure and a higher crystallinity index in treated fibers.
  • The residue from 1% PIL treatment contained lower levels of toxic compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Protic ionic liquids are effective in modifying pineapple fiber structure and composition.
  • PIL treatment enhances cellulose accessibility and crystallinity, beneficial for further applications.
  • This method offers a greener and safer alternative to conventional biomass processing techniques.