Three-dimensional Printing in Anatomy Education: Assessing Potential Ethical Dimensions

Area of Science:

• Anatomy Education
• Medical Ethics
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Technological advancements significantly impact anatomy education, introducing new ethical considerations for educators.
• Three-dimensional (3D) printing of human material is emerging as a valuable educational tool, complementing traditional methods like cadaveric dissection and digital simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the ethical implications of using 3D printing technology in anatomy education.
• To examine the origin of 3D printed anatomical materials and the associated ethical questions regarding consent and commercialization.

Main Methods:

• Review of early studies on 3D printing of anatomical specimens (prosections, organs, fetal material).
• Analysis of ethical considerations related to the source of 3D printing data (donated bodies, internet files).
• Discussion of the dynamic presented by digital technology in anatomical education.

Main Results:

• The origin of 3D printed anatomical materials, whether from donated bodies or online sources, carries ethical implications.
• Digital technology raises questions about donor consent, the purpose of 3D printing, commercialization, and comparative value against existing resources.
• Ethical challenges include the local use of prints, the perception of 3D prints as disposable, and the potential for depersonalization and commodification.

Conclusions:

• A cautious approach to 3D printing in anatomy education is warranted, considering its ethical overtones.
• Efforts are needed to prevent 3D printing processes from accentuating depersonalization and commodification, maintaining the human element in anatomy.
• The use of 3D-printed material from unclaimed bodies is unacceptable.