Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

13.3K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.3K
Generalized Hooke's Law01:22

Generalized Hooke's Law

2.7K
The generalized Hooke's Law is a broadened version of Hooke's Law, which extends to all types of stress and in every direction. Consider an isotropic material shaped into a cube subjected to multiaxial loading. In this scenario, normal stresses are exerted along the three coordinate axes. As a result of these stresses, the cubic shape deforms into a rectangular parallelepiped. Despite this deformation, the new shape maintains equal sides, and there is a normal strain in the direction of the...
2.7K
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

699
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
699
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

260
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
260
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

1.4K
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
1.4K
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

6.8K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and perceived discrimination in adulthood.

Journal of affective disorders·2020
Same author

Stochastically modulated inter-pulse intervals to increase the efficiency of functional electrical stimulation cycling.

Journal of rehabilitation and assistive technologies engineering·2019
Same author

Cost-effectiveness of a peer mentoring intervention to improve disease self-management practices and self-efficacy among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of the Peer Approaches to Lupus Self-management (PALS) pilot study.

Lupus·2019
Same author

Comorbid TBI-depression costs in veterans: a chronic effect of neurotrauma consortium (CENC) study.

Brain injury·2018
Same author

The differential impact of adverse childhood experiences in the development of pre-diabetes in a longitudinal cohort of US adults.

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2018
Same author

APOL1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and HDAC9 polymorphisms and small vessel ischemic stroke.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.8K

Joint modeling of multiple longitudinal cost outcomes using multivariate generalized linear mixed models.

M Gebregziabher1, Y Zhao2, C E Dismuke2

  • 1Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Cannon Place Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA, Center for Disease Prevention and Health Interventions for Diverse Population, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 109 Bee St, Research Service, Charleston, SC 29401-5799, USA, gebregz@musc.edu, Center for Health Disparities Research, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave. Room 280H, Charleston, SC 29425-0593, USA.

Health Services & Outcomes Research Methodology
|December 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Modeling healthcare costs requires careful consideration of multiple data sources. A multivariate generalized linear mixed model (mGLMM) offers a joint approach, with separate random intercepts showing promise for analyzing longitudinal cost data.

Keywords:
Joint modelMedical costMixed modelMultiple source dataMultivariate longitudinal data

More Related Videos

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
06:35

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Published on: July 24, 2010

17.4K
Creation of a Knee Joint-on-a-Chip for Modeling Joint Diseases and Testing Drugs
12:44

Creation of a Knee Joint-on-a-Chip for Modeling Joint Diseases and Testing Drugs

Published on: January 27, 2023

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.8K
Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
06:35

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Published on: July 24, 2010

17.4K
Creation of a Knee Joint-on-a-Chip for Modeling Joint Diseases and Testing Drugs
12:44

Creation of a Knee Joint-on-a-Chip for Modeling Joint Diseases and Testing Drugs

Published on: January 27, 2023

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Health Economics
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis

Background:

  • Traditional healthcare cost modeling aggregates data, potentially obscuring covariate impacts on specific cost categories.
  • Analyzing cost categories separately risks ignoring interdependencies, leading to inaccurate conclusions.
  • Longitudinal cost data presents unique challenges in accurately modeling multiple, correlated outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a multivariate generalized linear mixed model (mGLMM) for joint modeling of longitudinal healthcare costs from multiple sources.
  • To compare four distinct mGLMM approaches varying in how they account for correlations among cost outcomes.
  • To identify the most suitable modeling strategy for analyzing complex healthcare expenditure data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and assessed four mGLMM configurations: shared random intercept, shared random intercept and slope, separate random intercepts (joint distribution), and separate random intercepts and slopes (joint distribution).
  • Employed goodness-of-fit measures (AIC/BIC) and residual plots for model comparison.
  • Utilized longitudinal data from 740,195 US veterans with diabetes (2002-2006) to demonstrate the joint modeling approaches.

Main Results:

  • The separate random intercepts approach demonstrated the best fit (lowest AIC/BIC) for both log-normal and gamma generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs).
  • Despite superior fit, more complex models did not yield qualitatively different conclusions compared to the simpler shared random intercept model in this specific dataset.
  • Model selection depends on balancing statistical fit with the practical interpretation of results for longitudinal healthcare cost data.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariate generalized linear mixed models (mGLMMs) provide a robust framework for jointly analyzing longitudinal healthcare costs from diverse sources.
  • While separate random intercepts may offer superior statistical fit, a shared random intercept model can be sufficient when conclusions remain consistent.
  • The choice of mGLMM approach should consider the specific dataset characteristics and the need for interpretable results in health economic research.