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Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice
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Age and Periodontal Health - Immunological View.

J L Ebersole1, D A Dawson2, P Emecen Huja3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV.

Current Oral Health Reports
|December 18, 2018
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Summary

Aging impairs immune function, increasing susceptibility to infections and diseases like periodontitis. Biological aging, not just chronological age, influences disease expression and contributes to vulnerability in older adults.

Keywords:
agingenvironmentimmunologynutritionperiodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Aging significantly impacts the immune system, leading to immunosenescence, altered immune activation, and inflammaging.
  • These age-related immune changes increase susceptibility to infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
  • The role of immune system regulation of the oral microbiome throughout life, particularly concerning periodontitis, is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of aging on immune system regulation of the oral microbiome.
  • To explore the relationship between age-associated immune dysregulation and periodontitis.
  • To consider factors contributing to population variation in periodontitis onset and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, immunity, and periodontitis.
  • Analysis of how immune cells and molecules are affected by aging in the oral cavity.
  • Consideration of environmental and nutritional factors influencing immune function at the genetic and translational levels.

Main Results:

  • Aging adversely affects both innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules, including in the oral cavity.
  • Increased periodontitis in aging populations is likely linked to age-associated immune dysregulation.
  • Population variations in disease progression may stem from accumulated environmental stressors or nutritional deficiencies affecting immune molecule production.

Conclusions:

  • Chronological age is often used to study aging and periodontitis, but it may not fully explain disease variation.
  • Focusing on "biological aging" can help account for individual differences in disease expression.
  • Chronic periodontitis may be a comorbidity that exacerbates "gerovulnerability" in the aging population.