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Celiac Disease Prevention.

Caroline Meijer1, Raanan Shamir2, Hania Szajewska3

  • 1Deptartment of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Willem Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands.

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|December 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Celiac disease (CD) risk is not solely genetic, as environmental factors play a role. Current research indicates infant feeding practices do not influence CD development in susceptible individuals.

Keywords:
celiac diseaseenvironmental factorspreventionpreventive strategiestertiary prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.
  • Despite genetic susceptibility in 40% of Caucasians, only a fraction develop CD, highlighting environmental influences.
  • Rising CD incidence necessitates identifying risk factors for primary prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of celiac disease (CD) risk factors.
  • To evaluate the role of infant feeding practices in CD development.
  • To discuss secondary and tertiary prevention strategies for CD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent large prospective studies on CD risk factors.
  • Analysis of environmental and lifestyle factors implicated in CD pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and management strategies for CD.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies show infant feeding practices (gluten introduction timing, breastfeeding) do not impact CD risk.
  • Other environmental factors investigated have not yielded primary prevention strategies.
  • CD remains significantly underdiagnosed, even in asymptomatic cases.

Conclusions:

  • Primary prevention of CD through infant feeding modifications is not supported by current evidence.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment (secondary prevention) are possible but limited by underdiagnosis.
  • Tertiary prevention strategies are crucial due to the challenges of a gluten-free diet.