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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Autoimmune keratitis in mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Parviz Rafiezadeh1, Ingo Schmack1, Mehdi Shajari1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Journal of Current Ophthalmology
|December 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) can trigger autoimmune keratitis, causing non-healing corneal ulcers. Prompt treatment combining systemic anti-tuberculosis therapy and topical eye drops led to significant improvement in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Keywords:
Autoimmune responseOcular tuberculosisPhlyctenuleScrofulous keratitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Autoimmune keratitis is a rare condition affecting the cornea.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) infection can manifest in various ways, including ocular complications.
  • Delayed autoimmune responses can complicate infectious diseases.

Observation:

  • An 84-year-old male with pulmonary TB presented with chronic, bilateral, non-healing peripheral corneal ulcers and nodules.
  • Corneal cultures were negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and other pathogens.
  • Blood and corneal samples showed elevated IgM and IgA against MBT via ELISA.

Findings:

  • The patient received systemic anti-tuberculosis therapy and topical treatment (Polyspectran®, Dexamethasone, Bepanthen®).
  • Dramatic improvement in corneal ulceration and nodules was observed within two weeks.
  • This suggests MBT initiated a delayed autoimmune response in the cornea.

Implications:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) can induce autoimmune keratitis.
  • Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial for managing ocular complications of TB.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune mechanisms in refractory corneal diseases associated with infections.