Management of Late Paravalvular Leak after Transcatheter Valve Placement in Calcified Mitral Annulus

Mitral annular calcification presents a unique challenge to the surgical and interventional management of mitral valve pathology. Herein are presented the details of an emerging use of transcatheter valve replacement not only to salvage an open operation but also to minimize the important late complications of valve migration, resulting in paravalvular leak (PVL). The valve was initially stabilized with balloon valvuloplasty to prevent further migration; a vascular plug was then used to close the PVL. Teams treating complex valvular pathology with transcatheter technologies should be aware of these pitfalls, and be prepared to manage both early and late complications that may arise after transcatheter interventions. Video 1: Paravalvular leak due to atrial migration of the stent frame. Video 2: Resolution of paravalvular leak.