Dendritic cell vaccines loaded with autologous tumor lysates for solid tumors

Recently, immunotherapy has been utilized as a novel option for the treatment of various malignancies, however, it is necessary to develop immune cell therapy on the basis of the blockade of immune checkpoints, antigen presentation on dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and the high avidity tumor reactive T cells. Autologous tumor lysate-loaded DC vaccines could have a potency to elicit T cells immune response with both epitopes of neoantigen and com- mon antigen; however the innate immunity should be essential for the cross-presentation process. Furthermore, DC vaccines loaded with tumor lysates by electroporation system eli- cited both antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells. In order to break the immunosuppression, the combined therapy of the tumor lysate-loaded DC vaccines and immune checkpoint inhib- itors should be investigated in the future.