Enhanced lipid extraction from oleaginous yeast biomass using ultrasound assisted extraction: A greener and scalable...

Soaring demand for alternative fuels has been gaining wide interest due to depletion of conventional fuel, increasing petroleum prices and greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel, an alternative fuel, derived from oleaginous microbes has been promising because of short incubation time and easy to scale up. Oleaginous yeast Trichosporon sp. is capable of utilizing glycerol and agro-residues for enhanced lipid synthesis. Lipid extraction from Trichosporon sp. biomass showed highest lipid content with ultrasonic assisted extraction (43 ± 0.33%, w/w) coupled with process parameters than the conventional Soxhlet (30 ± 0.28%, w/w) and Binary solvent [choloroform:methanol, (2:1, v/v)] methods (36 ± 0.38%, w/w), respectively. The standardized process parameters of ultrasonic assisted extraction coupled with chloroform/methanol solvent system resulted 95-97% of conversion efficiency in 20 min at 30 °C with a frequency of 50 Hz and 2800 W power, respectively. Enzymatic transesterification of yeast biomass lipid obtained 85% of fatty acid methyl esters that are predominant with oleic acid methyl ester followed by palmitic and stearic acid methyl esters, respectively. These results substantiate that the ultrasonic assisted extraction is a potential green extraction technique that had reduced time, energy and solvent consumption without compromising on lipid quality. Deploying this green extraction technique could make the biodiesel production process inexpensive and eco-friendly.