Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.3K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.3K
Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

103.3K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
103.3K
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

90.4K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
90.4K
The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

128.0K
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
128.0K
What is Matter?01:13

What is Matter?

55.8K
The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
55.8K
States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

2.9K
Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Scientists have discovered a fourth state of matter, plasma, that occurs naturally in the interiors...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hallucination Proneness is Linked to Over-Reliance on Internal Priors for Noisy Speech.

Schizophrenia bulletin·2026
Same author

Functional hypothalamic MR spectroscopy at 7 Tesla: Metabolic shifts in response to food image stimuli and associations with hypothalamic volume and body mass index.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Expectation Modulates Hedonic Experiences and Midbrain Responses to Sweet Flavor.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Peripheral Expression of Dopamine Genes as a Biomarker for Cocaine Addiction in Humans.

European addiction research·2026
Same author

The role of patient-reported outcomes in health technology assessments: global practices and future implications.

Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research·2025
Same author

Patient-Centered Real-World Evidence Framework for Oncology Product Development.

Cancer investigation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:50

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 4, 2022

4.6K

BMI-related cortical morphometry changes are associated with altered white matter structure.

Nenad Medic1,2, Peter Kochunov3, Hisham Ziauddeen1,2,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.

International Journal of Obesity (2005)
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Increasing body mass index (BMI) is linked to subtle brain changes, particularly in white matter microstructure. These white matter alterations appear to mediate the observed cortical changes associated with higher BMI in healthy adults.

More Related Videos

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

8.5K
DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
10:05

DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions

Published on: August 26, 2014

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:50

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 4, 2022

4.6K
A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

8.5K
DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
10:05

DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions

Published on: August 26, 2014

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Previous studies show varied brain structure alterations with increasing body mass index (BMI).
  • Small-scale morphometric measures may offer more sensitive detection of BMI-related brain changes.
  • Linking cortical changes to underlying white matter alterations is of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between BMI and millimetre-scale Gaussian curvature.
  • To compare small-scale morphometric measures with standard measures (cortical thickness, surface area, mean curvature).
  • To assess white matter integrity (volume, signal intensity, fractional anisotropy) and its role in mediating BMI-associated cortical changes.

Main Methods:

  • Linear regression and mediation analyses were used to examine T1-weighted cortical morphometry associations with BMI in two independent cohorts (n=52, n=202).
  • A third dataset (n=897) with diffusion tensor imaging was used to replicate findings and examine the link between BMI-associated cortical changes and fractional anisotropy (FA).

Main Results:

  • A significant positive association was found between Gaussian curvature of the white matter surface and BMI across all three datasets.
  • This BMI-associated increase in Gaussian curvature was mediated by a negative association with white matter integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing BMI is associated with changes in white matter microstructure in healthy young to middle-aged adults.
  • The findings support a model where BMI-linked cortical changes are mediated by effects on white matter microstructure.