Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.4K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.4K
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.6K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.6K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

503
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
503
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

973
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
973
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

611
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
611

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Learning With Diagrams and Visualizations: Visual, Learner, and Contextual Factors.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Functional Neural Architecture of Working Memory in Musicians: An ALE Meta-Analysis and Review.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Collective Memory in Animals.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

What Counts as an Environment in Memory Research? Conceptualizing Environment Across Memory Traditions.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Origins and Evolution of Imagination, From Australopithecus to Modern-Day Deep Learning.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Multilevel Perceptual-Motor Coupling: From Action Understanding to Execution.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

12.2K

Perceptual learning.

Adrienne Prettyman1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|December 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Perceptual learning, driven by practice, enhances perception. This review examines if learning truly changes perception or involves attention, action, and decision-making, impacting the perception-cognition divide.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Perceptual learning, a long-studied phenomenon, involves lasting perceptual changes from experience.
  • Research continues to uncover the complex cognitive and neural mechanisms driving perceptual learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of perceptual learning and its underlying mechanisms.
  • To explore current debates regarding the nature of perceptual change, the role of attention, and its implications for the perception-cognition divide.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of perceptual learning research.
  • Analysis of philosophical and psychological debates on perceptual change.
  • Examination of cognitive and neural evidence.
Keywords:
attentioncognitive sciencelearningperceptionphilosophy

More Related Videos

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

948
Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform
06:31

Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

12.2K
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

948
Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform
06:31

Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.7K

Main Results:

  • Debates persist on whether perceptual learning constitutes genuine perceptual alteration or changes in action, attention, or decision-making.
  • The necessity of attention for perceptual learning remains contested; it may occur with mere exposure.
  • Perceptual learning challenges traditional distinctions between perception and cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptual learning is a multifaceted process with ongoing debate about its fundamental nature.
  • Understanding perceptual learning requires integrating cognitive, neural, and philosophical perspectives.
  • The review highlights key areas for future research into how we learn to perceive.