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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Rabies in a Dog Imported from Egypt - Connecticut, 2017.

Yonette Hercules, Nelva J Bryant, Ryan M Wallace

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    Rabies risk persists globally, as an unvaccinated dog imported from Egypt to the US tested positive for the canine rabies virus variant. This highlights challenges in verifying imported pet health and vaccination status.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Public Health
    • Zoonotic Disease Surveillance
    • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

    Background:

    • The United States eliminated the canine rabies virus variant in 2007, but imported dogs remain a potential source of reintroduction.
    • Globally, dogs are the primary reservoir for rabies virus transmission to humans, necessitating robust import controls.

    Observation:

    • A dog imported from Egypt in December 2017 tested positive for the canine rabies virus variant upon arrival in the United States.
    • The dog was part of a group of four transported by a flight parent, with potential falsification of rabies vaccination documentation at John F. Kennedy International Airport.

    Findings:

    • The investigation confirmed the canine rabies virus variant in a 6-month-old male dog adopted in Connecticut.
    • This case represents the second instance of rabies in a dog imported from Egypt within a three-year period.

    Implications:

    • Importation of inadequately vaccinated dogs from high-risk countries poses a continuing threat to rabies-free regions.
    • Verifying the health status and vaccination history of imported animals presents significant logistical and security challenges.