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Dynamic community structure in major depressive disorder: A resting-state MEG study.

Shui Tian1, Mohammad Ridwan Chattun2, Siqi Zhang1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, China.

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to altered brain network dynamics. Depressed patients show disrupted functional connectivity, with the Central Executive Network (CEN) and Salience Network (SN) exhibiting abnormal interactions.

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Community structureDefault Mode Network (DMN);Central Executive Network (CEN)Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)Salience Network (SN)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involves altered functional connectivity (FC) in large-scale brain networks like the Default Mode Network (DMN), Central Executive Network (CEN), and Salience Network (SN).
  • Aberrant FC exhibits temporal variability, potentially distorting functional brain network reconfiguration.
  • Analyzing dynamic network community structure may reveal insights into network synchrony and conscious states in MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in dynamic network community structure in MDD.
  • To explore the functional modulation of DMN, CEN, and SN in MDD patients compared to controls.
  • To test the hypothesis that dynamic network changes in MDD are accompanied by disrupted conscious states.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to scan 26 MDD patients and 25 healthy controls.
  • A novel multilayer modularity framework was employed to analyze network functional modulation.
  • Recruitment (R) and Integration (I) metrics quantified within- and across-network interactions.

Main Results:

  • Brain regions within the DMN, CEN, and SN showed transient integration and segmentation in both groups.
  • MDD patients exhibited significantly greater Recruitment (R) of the CEN and Integration (I) of the SN compared to controls.
  • The CEN showed increased self-interaction ('hyper-intertwining'), and the SN demonstrated increased interaction with other networks ('hyper-integration') in MDD.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic brain networks dynamically interact and reorganize into distinct modules in both healthy individuals and those with MDD.
  • MDD is associated with abnormal network-level alterations in R and I, suggesting generalized system-level effects.
  • These findings highlight potential abnormal network-based mechanisms underlying depression.