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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Age reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation.

Prim B Singh1,2,3, Andrew G Newman4

  • 1Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, 5/1 Kerei, Zhanibek Khandar Street, Astana, Kazakhstan, Z05K4F4. prim.singh@nu.edu.kz.

Epigenetics & Chromatin
|December 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Age reprogramming rejuvenates cells without de-differentiation, offering an alternative to stem cell therapies. This method, focusing on epigenetic age, shows promise for regenerative medicine and increasing lifespan.

Keywords:
Age reprogrammingEpigenetic clockEpigenetic rejuvenationReprogramming factorsSomatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)eAgeiPS cells

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cellular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) and nuclear transfer-embryonic stem (NT-ES) cell technologies are key in regenerative medicine but involve de-differentiation/redifferentiation challenges.
  • Patient-specific tissue generation for transplantation faces hurdles with current stem cell technologies.
  • Existing methods require overcoming safety and routine use issues before clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore age reprogramming as a novel method for generating patient-specific tissues.
  • To investigate the potential of rejuvenating specialized cell functions without de-differentiation.
  • To determine if age and developmental reprogramming can be disentangled and regulated independently.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming factors for in vitro epigenetic rejuvenation.
  • Studied the dynamics of epigenetic age (eAge) reprogramming kinetics.
  • Performed in vivo age reprogramming experiments in a premature aging mouse model.

Main Results:

  • Achieved epigenetic rejuvenation in vitro without de-differentiation.
  • Demonstrated that epigenetic age reprogramming kinetics differ from developmental reprogramming.
  • Showed in vivo age reprogramming increased lifespan in a mouse model of premature aging.

Conclusions:

  • Age and developmental reprogramming can be separated and independently controlled.
  • Age reprogramming offers a distinct pathway for regenerative medicine, bypassing embryonic stages.
  • This approach holds potential for generating patient-specific tissues and therapeutic interventions.