Current status of simulation-based training in pediatric surgery: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Surgical Simulation
• Pediatric Surgery

Background:

• Simulation-based training is crucial for pediatric surgical trainees.
• Current simulators for pediatric surgery need thorough validation and evidence assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and evaluate available pediatric surgical simulators.
• To assess the validation methods and strength of evidence for these simulators.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of Medline and EMBASE for English articles.
• Assigned Level of Evidence (LoE) and Level of Recommendation (LoR) using a modified Oxford classification.

Main Results:

• 44 training models/courses identified from 49 articles; 44 were validation studies.
• Face, content, and construct validity were commonly assessed; predictive validity was rarely studied.
• Most validated models received LoR 3 or 4; none achieved the highest recommendation.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric surgical simulators are emerging but possess limited evidence of validation.
• Further randomized trials are essential to establish predictive validity and enhance training models.
• The absence of NotSS (New or Traditional Surgical Skills) training is noted.