Traumatic Anterosuperior Dislocation of the Intact Mandibular Condyle into the Temporal Fossa

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, or luxation, occurs when the condyle crosses the articular eminence in such a way that it does not return to its correct anatomical position, unless aided by a reduction in external forces for TMJ. The diagnosis of condylar luxation is clinical; however, image exams are important in classifying the types of condylar luxation and associated fractures. Displacement of the TMJ can occur due to either an exaggerated mouth opening or a forced opening and occasionally is associated with a high-impact trauma to the jaw, the latter being an extremely rare condition. Few cases of anterosuperior dislocation of the intact mandibular condyles into the temporal fossa (ADIMC) have been documented in medical literature, many of which are associated with craniofacial trauma. This study describes the case of an ADIMC of the left side combined with facial fractures, as well as the treatment performed. A review of cases found in the literature from 1969 to 2017 was conducted through a detailed bibliographical study.