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Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Functions in Middle Age: A Meta-Analysis
Elina Pelimanni1, Mervi Jehkonen1,2
1Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|December 22, 2018
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus impacts middle-aged adults, causing cognitive decline in areas like processing speed and memory. Early recognition of these diabetes-related cognitive deficits is crucial for timely intervention.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia risk in older adults.
- Limited research exists on T2DM's cognitive effects in younger populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To meta-analyze cognitive performance differences between middle-aged T2DM patients and healthy controls.
- To investigate the relationship between age and the magnitude of cognitive effect sizes in T2DM.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of studies comparing T2DM patients (<65 years) with controls.
- Calculation of standardized mean differences (Hedges's g) for cognitive domains.
- Meta-regression analysis to assess age-effect size associations.
Main Results:
- T2DM patients showed significant cognitive deficits compared to controls.
- Largest effect sizes observed in information processing speed (g = -0.68), attention/concentration (g = -0.55), executive functions (g = -0.51), and working memory (g = -0.51).
- Age correlated with effect sizes in processing speed, language, and memory domains, with varied associations.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive decline associated with T2DM is not limited to older individuals and can manifest in middle age.
- Early detection and management of T2DM-related cognitive impairment are recommended.
- Healthcare systems should prioritize addressing these cognitive deficits.
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