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Related Concept Videos

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

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In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
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Genetic Material01:20

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Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
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Bending of Material: Problem Solving01:09

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In this lesson, determine the ratio of the maximum bending moments applied to two metal pipes, given that both pipes can withstand a maximum stress of 100 MPa. Both pipes have an outer radius of 1.8 cm. Pipe A has an inner radius of 1.5 cm, and Pipe B has an inner radius of 1 cm. The ratio of the maximum bending moment applied to two metallic pipes, each with a different inner and outer radius, is determined by considering their dimensions. The inner radius of the first pipe is 1.5 cm, and for...
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Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials01:24

Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials

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The study of solid circular shafts under stress shows that within the elastic limit, stress increases directly to the distance from the shaft's center. This relationship holds until the shaft reaches a critical point of stress, beyond which it begins to yield, marking the transition from elastic to plastic deformation. At this crucial juncture, the maximum torque the shaft can endure without permanent deformation is determined, signifying the limit of its elastic behavior.
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Biological Engineered Living Materials: Growing Functional Materials with Genetically Programmable Properties.

Charlie Gilbert1,2, Tom Ellis1,2

  • 1Centre for Synthetic Biology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K.

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|December 22, 2018
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Scientists are genetically programming microbes to create novel biological materials. This emerging field of engineered living materials (ELMs) harnesses cellular capabilities for advanced material design and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Microbiology
  • Material science

Background:

  • Natural biological materials possess advantageous properties like self-assembly and self-repair.
  • Current applications of natural materials are limited.
  • Genetic programming offers a pathway to create novel biological materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in programming cells for novel material production.
  • To focus on microbial systems for material growth and pattern formation.
  • To explore the potential of engineered living materials (ELMs).

Main Methods:

  • Engineering microbial systems to grow materials.
  • Developing new genetic circuits for pattern formation.
  • Investigating cellular self-assembly and response mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of microbial systems capable of producing engineered materials.
  • Development of genetic circuits enabling patterned material growth.
  • Highlighting the potential for complex, responsive biological materials.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically programming microbes is a viable approach to creating novel biological materials.
  • Engineered living materials (ELMs) represent a promising frontier in material science.
  • Future research will focus on complex systems and advanced functionalities.