Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

218.5K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
218.5K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.4K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.4K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

1.2K
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
1.2K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

1.1K
The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
1.1K
Comparative Excretory Systems02:24

Comparative Excretory Systems

26.6K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
26.6K
Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

62.6K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
62.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Raman Spectroscopy for Testing Wood Pellets.

Methods and protocols·2026
Same author

Optomechanical Probes with Tailored Material and Shape Asymmetry Assembled Using DNA Origami.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Optical states with higher stellar rank.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Optimal Phase-Insensitive Force Sensing with Non-Gaussian States.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Nonequilibrium phase transition in single-file transport at high crowding.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Active matter flocking via predictive alignment.

Physical review. E·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

9.0K

Diffusing up the Hill: Dynamics and Equipartition in Highly Unstable Systems.

Martin Šiler1, Luca Ornigotti2, Oto Brzobohatý1

  • 1Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic.

Physical Review Letters
|December 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Analyzing unstable particle motion, this study uses local characteristics instead of averages. Experiments show particles shift against force, enabling precise detection and revealing insights into unstable thermodynamic systems.

More Related Videos

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology
05:21

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology

Published on: May 16, 2022

3.5K
Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy
06:37

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy

Published on: June 15, 2022

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

9.0K
Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology
05:21

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology

Published on: May 16, 2022

3.5K
Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy
06:37

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy

Published on: June 15, 2022

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Stochastic particle motion in unstable potentials leads to diverging trajectories, complicating statistical analysis.
  • Standard methods fail for unstable mechanical processes, hindering experimental and applied research.
  • Undefined statistical moments prevent accurate characterization of particle behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and experimentally verify a novel approach using local characteristics of particle motion for unstable systems.
  • To analyze Brownian particle behavior near an inflection point in a cubic optical potential.
  • To demonstrate the utility of local analysis for overcoming challenges in unstable systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of particle motion focusing on local characteristics.
  • Experimental verification using a Brownian particle in a cubic optical potential.
  • Analysis of particle position distribution and local uncertainty.

Main Results:

  • The most probable particle position shifts atypically against the applied force.
  • Local uncertainty saturates, allowing for well-resolved position detection even with strong diffusion.
  • Particle distribution rapidly converges to a quasistationary state with a consistent atypical shift.

Conclusions:

  • The local characteristics approach effectively analyzes highly unstable systems, overcoming limitations of traditional statistical methods.
  • Experimental results confirm theoretical predictions for Brownian motion in unstable potentials.
  • This method offers new possibilities for exploring energetics in unstable thermodynamic processes.