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Related Concept Videos

Potential Energy00:52

Potential Energy

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The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Sequences01:29

Sequences

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Sequences are fundamental mathematical objects consisting of ordered lists of numbers that follow a specific rule or pattern. Sequences are critical in various mathematical concepts, including calculus, series, and number theory. They can model real-world phenomena such as population growth, financial investments, and physical processes like the diminishing height of a bouncing ball.Each number in a sequence is referred to as a term. Typically, the terms are denoted as a1, a2, a3,…, where...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Cell Potential and Free Energy02:58

Cell Potential and Free Energy

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Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
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The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

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Detection of Rare Mutations in CtDNA Using Next Generation Sequencing
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From cfDNA to Sequencing: Workflows and Potentials.

Michela Tebaldi1, Samanta Salvi2

  • 1Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy. michela.tebaldi@irst.emr.it.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers high sensitivity for detecting cell-free DNA (cfDNA) mutations, aiding in predicting cancer therapy resistance. This analysis explores NGS methods for cfDNA, evaluating their suitability for clinical use.

Keywords:
Amplicon-based panelCell-free DNAHybridization capture-based panelNext-generation sequencingSequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis is crucial for predicting cancer therapy resistance by tracking somatic mutations.
  • High-sensitivity methods are needed to detect low-frequency mutations in cfDNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the advantages and limitations of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for cfDNA mutation analysis.
  • To guide the selection of optimal NGS approaches based on sensitivity, specificity, data output, cost, and turnaround time.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies applied to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) mutation detection.
  • Comparative assessment of different NGS approaches regarding key performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • NGS enables sensitive detection of cfDNA mutations, valuable for monitoring treatment response and resistance.
  • Specific NGS strategies present trade-offs between sensitivity, specificity, cost, and speed.

Conclusions:

  • NGS is a powerful tool for cfDNA mutation analysis in oncology, but careful method selection is essential.
  • Optimizing NGS approaches for cfDNA is key to improving personalized cancer therapy and predicting resistance.