Morphological changes of the brain in mood disorders
Karolina Wilczyńska1, Katarzyna Simonienko1, Beata Konarzewska1
1Klinika Psychiatrii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku.
Psychiatria Polska
|December 26, 2018
Summary
Brain structural changes in affective disorders involve key areas like the fronto-limbic cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. These alterations impact emotional regulation, cognition, and physical symptoms, offering insights into mood disorder development.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Affective disorders are associated with significant brain morphological changes.
- These alterations primarily affect fronto-limbic cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, crucial for emotional and cognitive functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize findings on brain structural changes in affective disorders.
- To highlight the role of neuroimaging, sectional, microscopic, and histochemical studies.
Main Methods:
- Review of neuroimaging and sectional studies on brain volume changes.
- Analysis of microscopic studies examining cellular morphology and density.
- Inclusion of histochemical data on neuronal markers and neurotransmission.
Main Results:
- Structural changes observed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex.
- Alterations in neuronal circuits, cell count, density, and morphology within specific cortical layers.
- Confirmation of altered monoaminergic, GABA-ergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Conclusions:
- Brain structural and neurochemical alterations are integral to affective disorders.
- These changes correlate with symptom type, severity, and treatment modalities.
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