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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Author Spotlight: Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Measurements Enabled by Plasmonic DNA Origami Nanoantennas
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Tip-Enhanced Raman Imaging of Single-Stranded DNA with Single Base Resolution.

Zhe He1, Zehua Han1, Megan Kizer2

  • 1Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 28, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) achieves subnanometer resolution for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequencing. This technique enables direct nucleic acid sequencing and high-resolution imaging of various nanostructures.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) offers high-resolution chemical imaging and sensing at the single-molecule level.
  • Gap-mode TERS, utilizing a silver tip and gold substrate, has shown potential for resolving structures below 1 nm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate subnanometer spatial resolution using TERS for direct nucleic acid sequencing.
  • To validate TERS for analyzing the structure and sequence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

Main Methods:

  • Direct sequencing of phage ssDNA (M13mp18) using TERS with a silver tip on a gold substrate.
  • Deposition strategy to stretch ssDNA and expose nucleobases for tip interaction.
  • Scanning the TERS tip along the ssDNA at 0.5 nm intervals to collect spectral data.

Main Results:

  • Achieved spatial resolution below 1 nm for ssDNA analysis.
  • Successfully demonstrated real-time profiling of ssDNA configuration.
  • Obtained unique TERS signals from monomeric units of biopolymers.

Conclusions:

  • TERS can achieve subnanometer resolution for direct nucleic acid sequencing.
  • The technique is extendable to high-resolution imaging of diverse nanostructures.
  • TERS holds promise for direct sequencing of other biopolymers like RNA, polysaccharides, and polypeptides.