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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Plating Methods
Published on: May 11, 2012
Improving Aseptic Technique During the Treatment of Pediatric Septic Shock: A Comparison of 2 Rapid Fluid Delivery
Hillary Spangler1, Mark Piehl, Andrew Lane
1Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina (UNC) Health Care, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Dr Spangler); 410 Medical, Inc, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Piehl, Mr Lane, and Mr Robertson); University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Dr Piehl); and WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina (Dr Piehl). Hillary Spangler, MD, is a resident physician in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at University of North Carolina (UNC) Health Care. She received her medical training at UNC Chapel Hill. A pediatric sepsis survivor, Dr Spangler's clinical and research interests involve sepsis and quality improvement. She is also an active participant in UNC's Code Sepsis Initiative. Mark Piehl, MD, MPH, is a pediatric intensivist at WakeMed in Raleigh, North Carolina, and is a clinical associate professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UNC School of Medicine. He received his MD and MPH degrees from UNC and is now chief medical officer of 410 Medical, Inc. Andrew Lane, MS, BS, is a mechanical engineer at 410 Medical, Inc. He has done research in ergonomics and human factors of medical devices, critical care, and robotics. He obtained a BS in biomedical engineering from UNC Chapel Hill and an MS in mechanical engineering from North Carolina State University. Galen Robertson, MSME, BSME, is a mechanical engineer and the chief operating officer at 410 Medical, Inc. He has been involved in research involving ergonomics and human factors of medical devices in critical care, general surgery, and robotics. He earned his BSME and MSME degrees from Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta.
Abstract:
Rapid fluid resuscitation is used to treat pediatric septic shock. However, achieving fluid delivery goals while maintaining aseptic technique can be challenging. Two methods of fluid resuscitation-the commonly used push-pull technique (PPT) and a new fluid infusion technique using the LifeFlow device (410 Medical, Inc; Durham, NC)-were compared in a simulated patient model. PPT was associated with multiple aseptic technique violations related to contamination of the syringe barrel. This study confirms the risk of PPT-associated syringe contamination and suggests that this risk could be mitigated with the use of a protected syringe system, such as LifeFlow.
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