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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Pregnancy and Nursing Management for Embryo-Transferred and Genetically Modified Rabbits
Published on: December 13, 2024
[Fracture management and current concepts related to pregnancy-associated osteoporosis.]
Koji Ishikawa1, Takashi Nagai2, Takuma Kuroda2
1Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo, Japan and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis is a rare condition characterized by a transient but significant reduction in bone mineral density. To date, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Related symptoms include severe back or hip pain secondary to vertebral fractures and/or transient osteoporosis of the hip, which typically occur during the third trimester or during lactation. Although most women are managed conservatively, a few women need surgery. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment is important not only for pain control, but also to improve the woman's future quality of life.
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