Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
Published on: October 20, 2022
Trust improves during one-day resident operating room management course preceded by directed study of required
Terrie Vasilopoulos1, Franklin Dexter2, Lyn M Van Swol3
1Department of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100254, Gainesville, FL 32610-0254, USA.
Study Objective:
Evaluate feasibility of 1-day OR management course for anesthesiology residents and determine if course content increases trust in OR management science.
Design:
Pre- and post-course survey evaluations.
Setting:
OR management course.
Patients:
University of Florida anesthesiology residents.
Interventions:
OR management course adapted for anesthesiology residents.
Measurements:
Course preparation required statistical review, learning scientific vocabulary, and reading 2 peer-reviewed articles. Pre-course, participants were surveyed on course preparation and rated their confidence on statistical application to management sciences. Pre-and post-course, participants completed a 9-item survey assessing trust in course content with 3 different facets (reliability, quality and usefulness).
Main Results:
17 residents participated. Pre-course trust survey scores (total of 3 scales) and preparation items were not significantly correlated (all p ≥ 0.30). Confidence scales were correlated with each other (τb = 0.67, p < 0.001). Participants had moderate ratings for confidence in understanding and using statistics (median = 5, IQR = 3) and applying management science (median = 4, IQR = 2.25). Neither confidence in understanding and using statistics nor applying management sciences was significantly correlated with pre-course trust survey scores (τb = 0.17, p = 0.375 and τb = 0.02, p = 0.899, respectively). Overall trust increased from pre- to post-course (mean change = 0.63, SD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.23-1.04, t = 3.34, df = 16, p = 0.005). Controlling for each participant's pre-course trust, both confidence in statistics (β = -0.24, SE = 0.10, p = 0.033) and management sciences (β = -0.27, SE = 0.10, p = 0.018) significantly effects change in trust. For both scales, participants with lower initial confidence showed the greatest increases in trust.
Conclusions:
The 1-day course increases resident trust in OR course management content. Participants with less pre-course confidence in statistical application and decision making had greater increases in trust.
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