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Daniel Olive1

  • 1Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université et Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232, boulevard sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.

Bulletin Du Cancer
|January 1, 2019
PubMed
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Immunotherapies targeting CD28, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) have shown unexpected clinical efficacy. This review examines 35 years of data on these immune checkpoints in cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapies have advanced significantly since 2018.
  • Their efficacy has been observed even in patients with previously limited treatment responses.
  • Immune checkpoints, including CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-1, play crucial roles in regulating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review 35 years of scientific data on the functions of CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-1.
  • To analyze discrepancies between preclinical data and observed clinical outcomes of immunotherapies.
  • To focus on the roles of these immune checkpoints and their ligands in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific data spanning the last 35 years.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data related to CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-1.
Keywords:
Anti-tumor responseAnticorpsCosignalisationCosignallingCostimulationRéponse antitumoraleSuperfamille desSuperfamily ofTherapeutic antibodiesimmunoglobulinesimmunoglobulinsthérapeutiques

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  • Focus on data concerning the functions and ligands of these immune checkpoints.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant advancements in immunotherapy have been made.
    • Unexpected clinical benefits have been observed in cancer patients.
    • Data highlights the critical roles of CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-1 in immunotherapy response.

    Conclusions:

    • The review underscores the complex and sometimes unpredictable nature of cancer immunotherapy.
    • Understanding the functions of CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-1 is vital for optimizing cancer treatment strategies.
    • Further research into immune checkpoint interactions is warranted to improve patient outcomes.