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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Local Attraction01:22

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Local attraction refers to disturbances in compass readings caused by magnetic influences from nearby objects such as metal fences, buried pipes, vehicles, buildings, power lines, or natural iron ore deposits. Small items like wristwatches, steel tools, or belt buckles can also interfere with the compass by creating local magnetic fields that distort the Earth's natural magnetic field. These distortions lead to inaccurate readings, posing navigation and land surveying challenges.Local...
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Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
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[Thyroid function after hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy for localized breast cancer].

Z Dahbi1, A Sbai1, L Mezouar1

  • 1Radiothérapie oncologie, hôpital universitaire Mohammed-VI, BP 2013, Oued Nachef, Oujda, Maroc.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique
|January 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hypofractionated radiotherapy for breast cancer can impact thyroid function, with hypothyroidism linked to thyroid volume and radiation dose. Monitoring thyroid hormones is crucial due to potential underestimation of this complication.

Keywords:
Breast cancerCancer du seinFonction thyroïdienneHypofractionated radiotherapyRadiothérapie hypofractionnéeThyroid function

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Adjuvant radiotherapy is a standard treatment for localized breast cancer.
  • Hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens are increasingly used, potentially altering radiation exposure to organs at risk.
  • The impact of hypofractionated radiotherapy on thyroid function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy on thyroid function in breast cancer patients.
  • To identify risk factors associated with radiation-induced thyroid dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 50 breast cancer patients treated with hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy.
  • Analysis of clinical, dosimetric, and biological data, including periodic thyroid hormone level monitoring.
  • Inclusion of patients receiving radiotherapy to the supraclavicular region.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of hypothyroidism was 4% among the studied patients.
  • Significant association found between initial thyroid volume, volume receiving 50Gy, 40Gy, and 30Gy, and hypothyroidism incidence.
  • No significant link between hypothyroidism and bilateral breast status, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or surgery type.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation-induced dysthyroidism is an underestimated complication of hypofractionated radiotherapy.
  • Systematic delineation of the thyroid gland and dose minimization are recommended.
  • Regular monitoring of thyroid function through serum assays is necessary in patients undergoing this treatment.