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Related Concept Videos

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Voluntary wheel running prevents the acidosis-induced decrease in skeletal muscle mitochondrial reactive oxygen

Christopher P Hedges1,2, David J Bishop2,3, Anthony J R Hickey1

  • 1Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|January 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Exercise training enhances skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, preventing decreases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission during acidosis. Trained muscles maintain stable ROS levels, unlike sedentary muscles, highlighting exercise benefits for mitochondrial health.

Keywords:
ROSmitochondria functionoxidative phosphorylationoxidative stresspH

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Skeletal muscle metabolism

Background:

  • Acidosis (decreased pH) can impair skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, affecting respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission.
  • Skeletal muscles adapt to exercise, potentially altering their response to acidosis compared to sedentary muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the impact of pH on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function between sedentary and exercise-trained rats.
  • To investigate how exercise training influences mitochondrial respiration and ROS emission under varying pH conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Soleus muscle mitochondrial respiration and ROS emission were measured in sedentary and exercise-trained Sprague-Dawley rats across a physiological pH range (6.2-7.1).
  • Muscle buffering capacity and enzyme activities (citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase) were assessed.
  • Activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I-IV was determined.

Main Results:

  • Exercise-trained rats exhibited higher muscle buffering capacity, enhanced citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, and greater respiratory complex activity.
  • While ADP-stimulated respiration was higher in trained rats, pH did not affect it in either group.
  • Lowering pH reduced respiration in the non-phosphorylating (leak) state for both groups, but ROS emission decreased only in sedentary rats, remaining constant in trained rats.

Conclusions:

  • pH influences skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory complexes.
  • Exercise training mitigates the effects of acidosis on mitochondrial ROS emission, potentially through modulation at complex III.
  • Voluntary wheel running confers protection against acidosis-induced changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.