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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

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When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
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Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Methods to Test Visual Attention Online
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Measuring visual attention to faces with cleft deformity.

Thanapoom Boonipat1, Tiffany L Brazile2, Oliver A Darwish3

  • 1Resident, Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|January 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eye tracking reveals that repaired cleft lip faces are perceived as less attractive and draw attention to the lip area. Observers with a history of facial deformity showed increased focus on these areas.

Keywords:
Cleft lipEye-trackingFacial deformityFacial perception

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Limited data exist on visual attention to faces with congenital differences, especially cleft lip and palate.
  • Eye tracking technology offers a novel method to study visual attention in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate observers' visual attention patterns when viewing faces with repaired cleft lip.
  • To correlate facial attractiveness ratings with visual attention to specific facial regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized eye tracking to monitor 403 observers viewing 273 facial images (repaired cleft lip, other conditions, controls).
  • Analyzed visual fixation counts and durations on 20 predefined facial regions ('lookzones').
  • Assessed facial attractiveness using a separate cohort of 720 raters.

Main Results:

  • Repaired cleft lip faces were rated less attractive and attracted preferential attention to the upper lip region (p<.001).
  • Lower attractiveness ratings correlated with increased visual attention to cleft-affected areas (p<.001).
  • Eye tracking detected laterality of cleft deformity (p<.001), and individuals with a history of facial deformity fixated more on the perioral region (p<.001).

Conclusions:

  • Eye tracking is a valuable tool for understanding visual processing of cleft-affected faces.
  • Findings can inform surgical outcome assessment and patient-surgeon communication regarding cleft deformity.
  • Data highlight the impact of congenital differences on facial perception and attention.