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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: April 12, 2024
Twist and E-cadherin deregulation might predict poor prognosis in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma
Everton Freitas de Morais1, Hellen Bandeira de Pontes Santos1, Israel Leal Cavalcante1
1PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Twist and E-cadherin in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) and their association with clinicopathologic parameters.
Study Design:
Fifty-nine cases of LLSCC were analyzed by applying immunohistochemistry techniques in a semiquantitative manner. The systems proposed by Bryne etal., Brandwein-Gensler etal., and Almangush etal. were applied for analysis of the histopathologic malignancy grading system.
Results:
Higher E-cadherin expression (general and membrane) was observed in cases presenting with disease-free survival after 5years of follow-up (P < .05). Higher Twist expression was observed in lesions classified as being in advanced stages, displaying recurrence, and having a high degree of malignancy. A significant negative correlation was detected between cytoplasmic Twist expression and membrane E-cadherin expression (P = .028). A statistically significant relationship was detected between high total Twist expression in tumors classified as high risk by Brandwein-Gensler etal., and no significant difference was observed among total, membrane, and cytoplasmic E-cadherin expressions in LLSCC cases and the 3 applied grading systems (P > .05).
Conclusions:
The results of the present study suggest the potential involvement of Twist and E-cadherin in the modulation of events related to worse prognoses in LLSCC cases.
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Prediction Intervals
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.

