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Miniaturized high-frequency sine wave gating InGaAs/InP single-photon detector.

Wen-Hao Jiang1, Xin-Jiang Gao2, Yu-Qiang Fang1

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We developed the most compact sine wave gating (SWG) InGaAs/InP single-photon detector (SPD) module, reducing its volume by 95% for quantum key distribution and integrated systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Photonics
  • Quantum Technologies

Background:

  • High-frequency gating InGaAs/InP single-photon detectors (SPDs) are crucial for near-infrared single-photon detection in quantum key distribution.
  • Miniaturization of SPDs is essential for practical applications and system integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the most compact high-frequency sine wave gating (SWG) InGaAs/InP SPD module.
  • To integrate a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with a monolithic readout circuit into a compact module.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and fabricated an InGaAs/InP SPAD with an optimized semiconductor structure.
  • Encapsulated the SPAD and a mini-thermoelectric cooler in a compact butterfly package.
  • Implemented a monolithic readout circuit for SWG SPD, replacing board-level electronics.
  • Integrated SPAD, monolithic readout, and affiliated circuits into a single module.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 95% volume reduction compared to previous 1.25 GHz SWG InGaAs/InP SPD modules.
  • Demonstrated excellent performance: 30% photon detection efficiency, 2.0 kcps dark count rate, and 8.8% afterpulse probability at 1.25 GHz gating.
  • Confirmed high reliability through a one-week stability test.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully developed a highly compact and reliable SWG InGaAs/InP SPD module.
  • The miniaturized SPD module is suitable for advanced quantum communication and integrated photonic systems.
  • This advancement facilitates broader adoption of single-photon detection technologies.