Nontraumatic Compartment Syndrome in a Patient with Protein S Deficiency: A Case Report

Protein S deficiency, a hypercoagulable thrombophilia, often results in venous thromboembolism. Nontraumatic compartment syndrome in a patient with protein S deficiency has not been well publicized. Herein, we present a rare case of nontraumatic compartment syndrome of the hand and the thigh in a 48-year-old woman with a known history of protein S deficiency; emergency fasciotomies were needed.

Based on our patient and a review of the current literature, we advocate for a heightened awareness of compartment syndrome in patients with protein S deficiency.