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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Defect engineered bioactive transition metals dichalcogenides quantum dots.

Xianguang Ding1,2, Fei Peng1, Jun Zhou3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.

Nature Communications
|January 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a facile bottom-up method for synthesizing diverse transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) quantum dots (QDs). Defect engineering in these TMD QDs enhances their photodynamic effect for potential cancer therapy applications.

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Preparation of Liquid-exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets with Controlled Size and Thickness: A State of the Art Protocol
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Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Synthesis

Background:

  • Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique quantum size effects.
  • Synthesizing a broad range of TMD QDs remains a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile bottom-up strategy for synthesizing various TMD QDs.
  • To explore defect engineering in TMD QDs for tunable properties.
  • To demonstrate the potential of engineered TMD QDs in biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transition metal oxides or chlorides and chalcogen precursors for QD synthesis.
  • Employed mild, aqueous, room-temperature conditions for rapid reactions (~10-20 seconds).
  • Achieved tunable defect engineering by adjusting precursor stoichiometries.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a library of TMD QDs including MoS2, WS2, RuS2, MoTe2, MoSe2, WSe2, and RuSe2.
  • Demonstrated that increasing sulfur defects in MoS2 QDs enhances oxidative stress generation via the photodynamic effect.
  • Validated proof-of-concept biomedical applications using MoS2 QDs against cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • A facile and rapid bottom-up strategy for synthesizing diverse TMD QDs has been established.
  • Defect engineering offers a powerful route to tune the properties of TMD QDs.
  • Engineered TMD QDs show promise for future biomedical applications, particularly in photodynamic cancer therapy.