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Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity
Habib Yaribeygi1, Stephen L Atkin2, Luis E Simental-Mendía3
1Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Journal of Cellular Physiology
|January 4, 2019
Summary
Aerobic exercise enhances insulin sensitivity by improving cellular glucose uptake and reducing inflammation, crucial for managing Type 2 diabetes. This review explores the molecular mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of exercise.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Insulin resistance is central to Type 2 diabetes, impacting glycemic control and leading to complications.
- Current guidelines recommend lifestyle changes and metformin for managing insulin resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular pathways through which aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity.
- To highlight exercise as a therapeutic target for insulin resistance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating the molecular effects of aerobic exercise on insulin resistance.
- Analysis of pathways including insulin transporter regulation, adipokine modulation, and inflammatory/oxidative stress reduction.
Main Results:
- Aerobic exercise upregulates insulin transporters in insulin-dependent cells.
- Exercise ameliorates insulin resistance by reducing adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
- Improved insulin signal transduction is observed through various molecular pathways.
Conclusions:
- Aerobic exercise offers significant benefits for insulin sensitivity via multiple molecular mechanisms.
- Understanding these pathways can inform therapeutic strategies for Type 2 diabetes management.
- Exercise represents a key lifestyle intervention for combating insulin resistance.
Keywords:
adipokinesaerobic exerciseinflammationinsulin resistanceinsulin signal transductionoxidative stressMore Related Videos
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