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Infections due to encapsulated bacteria, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter

R E Chaisson1

  • 1University of California, San Francisco.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|June 1, 1988
PubMed

Insights

HIV-infected patients frequently experience bacterial infections due to weakened immunity. Preventive strategies like antibiotics or immunotherapy are recommended, especially for children with AIDS or ARC.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV infection severely compromises both cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
  • This immune deficiency increases susceptibility to encapsulated and enteric bacterial pathogens.
  • Common bacterial infections in HIV patients include pneumonia, bacteremia, and salmonellosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the increased frequency and clinical characteristics of bacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals.
  • To highlight the challenges in managing these infections, including recurrence and treatment failure.
  • To recommend preventive measures for bacterial infections in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and outcomes of bacterial infections in HIV patients.
  • Analysis of immune defects contributing to infection susceptibility.
  • Evaluation of treatment responses and recurrence rates.

Main Results:

  • HIV patients exhibit a higher incidence of infections from Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter.
  • Bacteremia is common, particularly in salmonellosis (over 40% of cases).
  • Patients often fail to mount protective antibody responses, leading to frequent recurrences (up to one-third).

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial infections pose a significant threat to HIV-infected individuals, often preceding an AIDS diagnosis.
  • Management requires consideration of suppressive antimicrobial therapy due to high recurrence rates and treatment failures.
  • Prophylactic antibiotics and immunotherapy are crucial for preventing bacterial infections in children with AIDS or AIDS-Related Complex (ARC).

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