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Maximum occlusal bite force in pre-school children with different occlusal patterns.

Elham Abu-Alhaija1, Arwa I Owais2, Hiba Obaid3

  • 1BDS, PhD, MOrth RCS (Ed.), FDS RCS(Ed.). Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
|January 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) in preschool children varies with molar relationships. Distal step patterns exhibit the highest MOBF, while mesial step patterns show the lowest, impacting early dental development.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Dental Biomechanics
  • Craniofacial Development

Background:

  • Assessing maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) is crucial for understanding masticatory function in children.
  • Variations in occlusal patterns may influence bite force development during primary dentition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) in preschool children.
  • To investigate the relationship between different occlusal patterns and MOBF in primary dentition.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 1085 preschool children (3-6 years) in primary dentition was analyzed.
  • Children were categorized by molar relationships: flush terminal, distal step, and mesial step.
  • Maximum occlusal bite force was measured using a hydraulic occlusal force gauge.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in MOBF were observed across molar relationship groups (P<0.01; P<0.001).
  • Distal step molar relationships showed the highest MOBF (245.11N ± 69.45), while mesial step showed the lowest (179.20N ± 56.80).
  • Higher MOBF correlated with increased overjet and overbite; gender differences were noted in specific groups.

Conclusions:

  • Occlusal relationships significantly affect maximum occlusal bite force in preschool children.
  • Distal step molar relationships are associated with the highest MOBF, and mesial step with the lowest.
  • The presence of wearing facets did not significantly alter MOBF.