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Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Chemoselective Modification of Viral Surfaces via Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry
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Chemoselective, Postpolymerization Modification of Bioactive, Degradable Polymers.

Joshua M Fishman, Daniel B Zwick, Austin G Kruger

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.

Biomacromolecules
|January 5, 2019
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Summary

Researchers developed a new method to modify degradable polymers, making them more versatile for various applications. This technique allows for the attachment of functional groups without compromising the polymer

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Degradable polymers are crucial for sustainability and biological applications.
  • Modifying degradable polymers, particularly polyoxazinones, is challenging due to backbone susceptibility.
  • Existing postpolymerization modification (PPM) methods, including click chemistry, are often ineffective for these polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile and efficient method for postpolymerization modification (PPM) of degradable polyoxazinones.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing modification techniques for polymers susceptible to degradation.
  • To enable the introduction of diverse functional groups to tailor polymer properties and functions.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of PPM reactions using photochemistry (excimer formation) to assess efficiency.
  • Development of a mild, pH-neutral functionalization of ketone-containing polyoxazinones.
  • Utilizing oxime (acid labile) and alkoxylamine (stable) linkages for side chain attachment.

Main Results:

  • A novel, efficient PPM strategy was established for degradable polyoxazinones, overcoming limitations of previous methods.
  • Ketone-containing polymers were successfully functionalized to yield acid-labile oxime or stable alkoxylamine substituted polymers.
  • Polymers were equipped with fluorophores, reporter groups, and bioactive epitopes, demonstrating enhanced spectral properties and biological activities.

Conclusions:

  • Polyoxazinones can now be predictably and modularly functionalized using the developed PPM approach.
  • This method significantly diversifies the potential functions and applications of degradable polyoxazinones.
  • The tunable nature of these modified polymers opens new avenues in sustainable materials and biomedical fields.