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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Biodiversity and Human Values01:24

Biodiversity and Human Values

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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
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[Human Metapneumovirus Infection].

Makoto Takeda, Yuta Shirogane

    Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |January 5, 2019
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a virus circulating globally for over 50 years, causes severe respiratory infections in children and the elderly. Early detection within 4 days of illness is crucial for effective treatment and control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been circulating globally for over 50 years.
    • HMPV causes severe acute respiratory infections, particularly in young children and the elderly.
    • HMPV is classified into two groups, A and B, with indistinguishable clinical symptoms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of HMPV.
    • To highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and available detection methods.
    • To discuss the clinical implications and control of HMPV infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on HMPV.
    • Discussion of diagnostic techniques including point-of-care testing, nucleotide amplification, and serological assays.
    • Analysis of HMPV epidemiology and clinical presentation.

    Main Results:

    • HMPV is a significant cause of acute respiratory infections, affecting over 10% of children under five.
    • Viral load declines after 5 days, making early laboratory testing (before day 4) critical for antigen or genome detection.
    • Immunoglobulin assays (ELISA, neutralizing assay) are established but not yet approved as extracorporeal diagnostic medicines.

    Conclusions:

    • Early detection of HMPV is essential for effective clinical management and control.
    • Availability of point-of-care tests and sensitive molecular methods improves diagnosis.
    • Further research and regulatory approval for serological assays could enhance HMPV diagnostics.