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Revenge: A Multilevel Review and Synthesis
Joshua Conrad Jackson1, Virginia K Choi2, Michele J Gelfand2
1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
Annual Review of Psychology
|January 6, 2019
Summary
Revenge, while seemingly destructive, evolved in humans for specific reasons. Understanding revenge requires examining individual psychology within broader cultural systems for evolutionary insights.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Cultural Evolution
Background:
- Vengeance appears counterintuitive to human social instincts.
- Despite its destructive nature, revenge may have evolved adaptive functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the underlying logic and evolutionary basis of revenge.
- To propose a multilevel framework for understanding revenge.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of social scientific research on revenge.
- Theoretical analysis integrating individual and cultural perspectives.
Main Results:
- Revenge is not purely destructive; it has evolved functions.
- Individual acts of revenge are influenced by and can influence cultural systems.
Conclusions:
- A multilevel perspective is crucial for understanding revenge's psychological properties and its role in cultural evolution.
- Future research should integrate individual motivations with cultural contexts to fully grasp the phenomenon of revenge.
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