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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomarker Development
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hybrid imaging (PET-MR, SPECT-MR) is increasingly used in clinical practice.
  • Multimodal imaging probes offer superior diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy compared to standalone methods.
  • Demand for advanced hybrid imaging techniques, especially in oncology, is rapidly growing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of multimodal imaging probes for PET-MR and SPECT-MR.
  • To summarize recent advancements in small molecule and nano-sized bimodal and trimodal probes.
  • To identify key elements for developing novel multimodal probes and address future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of 139 selected papers.
  • Categorization of multimodal probes into small molecule bimodal, nano-sized bimodal, small molecular trimodal, and nano-sized trimodal types.
  • Analysis of probe characteristics including synthesis, sensitivity, resolution, pharmacokinetics, and target binding.

Main Results:

  • Summarizes recently available and noteworthy multimodal imaging probes for PET-MR and SPECT-MR.
  • Highlights the first comprehensive overview of PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodal probes.
  • Identifies challenges in designing effective multimodal probes.

Conclusions:

  • Multimodal imaging probes are essential for advancing hybrid imaging techniques.
  • Further development requires novel synthetic strategies, high sensitivity, and target-specific binding.
  • This emerging field holds significant promise for improved medical diagnosis and therapy.