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Related Concept Videos

Potential Energy00:52

Potential Energy

42.7K
The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
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Potential Energy01:09

Potential Energy

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A conservative force, such as a gravitational or elastic force, gives the body the capacity to do work. This capacity, measured as the potential energy, depends on the body's location or “position” relative to a fixed reference position or datum. The gravitational potential energy is considered zero at the reference point. Suppose a body is located at some vertical distance above a fixed horizontal reference or datum. In that case, the weight of the body has positive gravitational potential...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Cell Potential and Free Energy02:58

Cell Potential and Free Energy

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Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
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The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

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Overview
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Electric Potential and Potential Difference01:16

Electric Potential and Potential Difference

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Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
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Staphylococcus caprae: A Skin Commensal with Pathogenic Potential.

Asha Gowda1, Amanda L Pensiero1, Clifford D Packer1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA.

Cureus
|January 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Staphylococcus caprae, a common skin bacterium, can rarely cause severe bone and joint infections in humans. This case highlights S. caprae as a pathogen following medical procedures.

Keywords:
bone and joint infectionbone infectionfacet joint injectionpsoas abscesss. capraestaphylococcus caprae

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Case Study

Background:

  • Staphylococcus caprae is a coagulase-negative staphylococci species.
  • Typically a commensal organism found on human skin and mucous membranes.
  • Rarely causes invasive infections, particularly bone and joint infections.

Observation:

  • A patient developed severe spinal infection after facet joint injections.
  • Infections included vertebral discitis, osteomyelitis with phlegmon, and bilateral psoas abscesses.
  • Staphylococcus caprae was isolated from the infected tissues.

Findings:

  • Demonstrates Staphylococcus caprae as a causative agent in deep-seated infections.
  • Highlights a potential complication following invasive spinal procedures.
  • Connects a commensal bacterium to severe pathological conditions.

Implications:

  • Suggests increased vigilance for Staphylococcus caprae in post-procedural infections.
  • Underscores the importance of identifying the specific bacterial species in complex infections.
  • Informs clinical management strategies for bone and joint infections.