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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Through the ages-Aetiological changes in maxillofacial trauma.

Maximilian Goedecke1, Daniel G E Thiem2, Daniel Schneider3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Dental Traumatology : Official Publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology
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Summary

Maxillofacial fractures are common in young males, with assaults being the primary cause. However, falls are increasingly leading to these injuries, particularly in older individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Maxillofacial trauma presents a persistent challenge, with an aging patient demographic.
  • Understanding evolving patterns in maxillofacial fractures is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in maxillofacial fractures over a five-year period at a University Medical Centre.
  • To investigate changes in patient demographics and treatment modalities for maxillofacial injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 573 patient records from January 2010 to December 2014.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, injury etiology, fracture type, and treatment details.
  • Causes were categorized into assaults, falls, traffic accidents, sports, and other mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Assaults were the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures (28.8%), followed by falls (23.9%).
  • Falls emerged as the primary cause in 2013-2014, with a higher mean patient age.
  • Zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures were most prevalent (31.6%), followed by mandible (20.6%) and nasal fractures (15.2%).
  • Surgical treatment was predominant (89.5%), though non-surgical approaches increased, especially for elderly patients.

Conclusions:

  • Maxillofacial fractures predominantly affect younger males, with assaults as the main cause.
  • Falls are an increasing cause of maxillofacial fractures, particularly in older populations.
  • Treatment trends show a slight shift towards non-surgical methods in specific patient groups.