Label-free impedance-based whole cell assay to study GPCR pharmacology

The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represents the largest group of cell surface receptors in the human body. It is estimated that around 40% of the drugs currently on the market target GPCRs. As only a very small number of GPCRs is targeted by these marketed drugs, the potential of GPCRs as novel drug targets remains enormous. As opposed to conventional in vitro assays, label-free cellular assays using a biosensor provide new opportunities for studying GPCRs. Integrated receptor-mediated responses are measured in real-time rather than a single downstream signaling pathway, without the need for the use of any label (e.g., fluorescent or radioactive). Here, we describe a protocol to study GPCR pharmacology using the label-free whole cell impedance-based biosensor system xCELLigence. This assay allows quantification of compound-induced GPCR-mediated responses in real-time. Finally, we have also discussed the analysis and interpretation of the results obtained with this assay using the mGlu₂ receptor as a model system.