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Prenatal Irradiation-Induced Hippocampal Abnormalities in Rats Evaluated Using Manganese-Enhanced MRI

Shigeyoshi Saito1, Kazuhiko Sawada2, Ichio Aoki3,4

  • 1Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|January 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Prenatal X-ray exposure in rats caused significant hippocampal volume reduction and structural damage, detectable with manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). This study highlights MEMRI

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Prenatal radiation exposure can lead to neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
  • The hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to such insults.
  • Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) offers a way to visualize functional and structural changes in the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize hippocampal abnormalities in rats following prenatal X-ray irradiation.
  • To evaluate the utility of *in vivo* manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in detecting these changes.
  • To correlate MEMRI findings with histopathological alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were exposed to X-ray irradiation prenatally.
  • Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) was used to assess hippocampal structure and function.
  • Histopathological examinations were performed to confirm MEMRI findings.

Main Results:

  • Radiation-exposed rats exhibited reduced hippocampal volume and dilated lateral ventricles.
  • MEMRI revealed significant reductions in specific hippocampal subregions (DG, CA3, CA1/2) in exposed rats.
  • Histopathology confirmed disorganization, reduced cell density, and ectopic cell masses in the hippocampus of exposed rats.
  • Aberrant distribution of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM)-positive fibers and increased glial cell density were observed.

Conclusions:

  • MEMRI effectively delineated macrostructural and microstructural hippocampal deformations in a prenatal radiation model.
  • MEMRI findings correlated with histopathological evidence of neuronal and glial alterations.
  • This study demonstrates the potential of MEMRI for non-destructively detecting hippocampal damage in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Keywords:
hippocampusmanganese-enhanced MRImossy fiber distributionradiation injuryradiation-induced abnormalities

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