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Leukemic Involvement in the Thorax.

Girish S Shroff1, Mylene T Truong1, Brett W Carter1

  • 1From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology (G.S.S., M.T.T., B.W.C., M.F.B., G.R., C.V., C.C.W.), Hematopathology (R.K.S.), and Leukemia (P.C.B., N.D.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leukemias are cancers of abnormal white blood cells impacting bone marrow function. Imaging reveals diverse thoracic manifestations, including lymphadenopathy, organ infiltration, and myeloid sarcomas.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Leukemias are bone marrow malignancies characterized by abnormal white blood cell production.
  • These cancers compromise normal hematopoiesis, leading to cytopenias.
  • Classification is based on cell type (myeloid/lymphoid) and maturity (acute/chronic).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse imaging manifestations of leukemia in the thorax.
  • To highlight common and uncommon intrathoracic findings.
  • To discuss extramedullary disease, such as myeloid sarcomas.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging findings in patients with leukemia.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with clinical manifestations.
  • Description of characteristic radiographic and CT appearances.

Main Results:

  • Lymphadenopathy is the most frequent intrathoracic manifestation.
  • Leukemic involvement can extend to the lungs, pleura, heart, and mediastinum.
  • Myeloid sarcomas, extramedullary masses of blast cells, occur in 5%-7% of acute myeloid leukemia patients.

Conclusions:

  • Leukemia presents with a wide spectrum of thoracic imaging findings.
  • Radiologists must be aware of these diverse manifestations for accurate diagnosis.
  • Recognition of intrathoracic leukemia and extramedullary disease is crucial for patient management.