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[Giant viruses that create their own genes].

Jean-Michel Claverie¹, Chantal Abergel¹, Matthieu Legendre¹

¹Aix-Marseille université et CNRS, Information génomique et structurale (IGS), UMR7256, Institut de microbiologie de la Méditerranée-IMM-FR 3479, parc scientifique de Luminy, 163, avenue de Luminy, case 934, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.

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Summary

Giant viruses, including Pandoraviridae, possess numerous unique orphan genes (ORFans). Our study suggests these genes may originate de novo within intergenic regions, challenging traditional evolutionary models.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Evolution
Genomics

Background:

The discovery of Mimivirus in 2003 initiated research into giant viruses, now classified into seven families with debated origins.
Recent isolation of three new Pandoraviridae members, characterized by large genomes and particles, prompts further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-analyze the gene content of Pandoraviruses using integrated approaches.
To investigate the origin of the high proportion of orphan genes (ORFans) in Pandoraviruses.

Main Methods:

Transcriptomic, proteomic, and bioinformatic analyses were employed.
Stringent re-analysis of gene content in three newly isolated Pandoraviridae members.

Main Results:

Pandoraviruses exhibit a significant proportion of orphan genes (ORFans).
The data supports a de novo gene creation model within intergenic regions for these ORFans.

Conclusions:

The de novo origin of ORFans in Pandoraviruses challenges the paradigm of universal gene ancestry.
This finding may have implications for understanding the evolution of other large DNA viruses.