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Ratiometric temperature sensing with fluorescent thermochromic switches.

Mercedes M A Mazza1, Francesca Cardano2, Janet Cusido3

  • 1Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA. fraymo@miami.edu.

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New molecular probes use switchable heterocycles and fluorescent chromophores to create ratiometric temperature sensors. These probes visualize thermal distributions at the microscale by changing emission intensities with temperature.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Development of molecular probes for temperature sensing is crucial for microscale applications.
  • Ratiometric probes offer enhanced accuracy and stability compared to single-wavelength sensors.
  • Switchable heterocycles provide a platform for designing responsive molecular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel molecular probes capable of ratiometric temperature sensing.
  • To investigate the relationship between heterocyclic switching and fluorescence emission.
  • To demonstrate the utility of these probes for microscale thermal visualization.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing molecular probes by conjugating fluorescent chromophores to switchable heterocycles.
  • Characterizing the photophysical properties of the probes, including fluorescence spectra and quantum yields.
  • Investigating the temperature-dependent equilibrium of the heterocyclic component and its effect on emission.
  • Validating the ratiometric response to temperature changes at the microscale.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized molecular probes exhibit a ratiometric response to temperature.
  • The opening and closing of the heterocyclic component lead to two distinct emissive species with resolved fluorescence.
  • The relative intensities of these two species change monotonically with temperature.
  • Successful visualization of thermal distributions at the microscale was achieved using these probes.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular probes based on switchable heterocycles and fluorescent chromophores are effective ratiometric temperature sensors.
  • The controllable equilibrium of the heterocyclic component enables precise temperature-dependent fluorescence modulation.
  • These probes offer a promising tool for non-invasive microscale thermometry and thermal imaging.